Saturday, January 31, 2009

HSK Exam - Guangdong Geological Museum




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Library>Museum>Nature

Guangdong Geological Museum

The Guangdong Geological Museum, located at Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province, is a local museum of comprehensive geological science of China. It was prepared in 1958 and officially opened to the public on October 1, 1959.

The museum has collected over 40,000 items of various kinds of samples in the fields of minerals, rocks, ancient extinct animals and plants, stratigraphy, structural geology, mineral deposit, and dynamic geology. The museum is composed of ten exhibition rooms, namely, the ordinary geology, ancient
extinct animals and plants, stratigraphy, mineral rocks, magmatic rock, mineral resources, crystal, mineral materials for arts and crafts, metal mineral deposits and nonmetal mineral deposits. On display are 5,000 exhibits, including the crystal sample from the special large deposit in Hainan
Island with thicker crystals and crystal clusters in various shapes, a complete set of stratum sample of the Nanling District in the scale of 1:200,000, the plutonic rock, the hypabyssal rock and the extrusive rock with different features formed during the different periods of magma activities in
Guangdong Province. Besides, there are a few hundred samples of the metal and nonmetal mineral deposits in complete sets, such as iron mine, multi-metal mine, lead and zinc mine. Also on display are the plate-shaped wolframite, crystallized azurite, malachite; the four well-known stones of
Guangdong, namely the inkstone of Duanzhou, the Yingshi stone (a limestone from Yingde County used for building rockeries), the Yunshi stone from Yunfu and the jade stone from Xinyi, and the stalactites in various shapes. In addition to the commonly seen calcium stalactite, there are also silicon
stalactite, ferrous stalactite, copper stalactite and basalt stalactite. The dinosaur egg fossil found in Guangzhou and the tortoise fossil found in Maoming are rare exhibits.

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Saturday, January 24, 2009

Learn mandarin - Xianyang Museum




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Library>Museum>History

Xianyang Museum

Located in the Zhongshan Street, Xianyang City of Shaanxi Province, the Xianyang Museum is a local history museum. The museum was reconstructed based on a Confucian temple and opened to public in 1962.

The museum boasts a collection of over 12,000 cultural relics of the Qin (221-206BC), Han (206BC-220AD) and Tang (618-907) dynasties, 20 of which are of the national first class.

The exhibition hall of Qin and Han historical cultural relics mainly displays the articles unearthed from the Xianyang Palace, the Wei City and excavations from mausoleums of Qin and Han dynasties. In 1981, a new exhibition hall was added to exhibit more than 3,000 pieces of horses and soldiers
from the satellite tomb of Liu Bang's Changling Mausoleum, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty.

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Wednesday, January 14, 2009

Chinese language - Characteristics of Chinese Medicated Diet




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Library>Culture ABC>Food & Drinks>Medicated Diet

Characteristics of Chinese Medicated Diet

1. Laying stress on the whole, selecting medicated diet on the basis of differential diagnosis

By the principle of "laying stress on the whole, selecting medicated diet on the basis of differential diagnosis", we mean that when prescribing medicated diet, we should first make an overall analysis of the patient's physical and health condition, the nature of his illness, the season he got ill
and the geographical condition, etc., form a judgment on the type of syndrome, and then decide on corresponding principles for dietetic therapy and select suitable medicated diet. Take a patient with chronic gastritis for example, he should take Galangal and Cyperus gruel if the suffering is from
chronic gastritis of stomach-cold type.

2. Suitable both for prevention and treatment, and outstanding in effect

Medicated diet can be used either to treat diseases or for healthy people to build up their health and prevent diseases. This is one of the characteristics in which medicated diet is different from treatment by medicine. Although medicated diet is something mild, it has a notable effect on the
prevention and cure of diseases, health building-up and preserving. Here are some of the achievements in scientific research of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine College:

Eight-Ingredient Food: It is prepared according to the experience of ancient dietetic treatment and health care of imperial court in the Qing Dynasty from eight dietetic Chinese drugs including Chinese yam, lotus seeds, and hawthorn fruit. 97% of the children who took it for 30 days have whetted
their appetite, and their growth has improved too.

Nourishing Extract of Laiyang Pear and mushroom: It is made from the juice of Laiyang Pear and extract of mushrooms and tremella. If the middle-aged and senile patients suffering from chronic diseases take it, not only can the symptoms of their illness be alleviated, but also their blood-fat can
be brought down when they are suffering from hyperlipaemia, and their immunologic function can be improved.

3. Good in taste, convenient for taking

There goes the saying "Good medicine tastes bitter" among the people, because most of the decoction of Chinese drugs are bitter. Some people, especially children, take an aversion to the bitterness of Chinese drugs and refuse to take them. Most of the drugs used in medicated diet are both edible
and medicinal, and retain the features of food: color, sweet-smelling, flavor, and so on. Even if containing Chinese herbs, their nature and flavor are taken into consideration and made into tasty medicated diet by mixing them with food and careful cooking. So it can be said that medicated diet is
good in taste and convenient for taking.

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Tuesday, January 13, 2009

Chinese Pinyin - Chang Xiangyu -- A Yuju Actress




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Library>Culture ABC>Opera>People

Chang Xiangyu -- A Yuju Actress

HenanProvinceis home toYuju, one ofChina's famous national opera forms, right alongside Peking Opera andPingju.Yuju, formed in the Ming Dynasty and gaining prosperity from 1930s to the mid 1980s,is known for its smooth voices, beautiful melodies and the strong local flavor ofHenanculture.
Meanwhile, its simple and unsophisticated style has made it popular throughout the country.

There are some different artistic schools in the performance ofYuju,such as theChangSchool(Chang Xiangyu), theChenSchool(Chen Suzheng), the Ma School (Ma Jinfeng) and so on.

As one of the most famous actresses ofYujuand also the master ofChangSchool, Chang Xiangyu made her reputation with her ability to act various types of characters, such asQingyi, Laodan, XiaoshengandLaosheng. She formed her own school, absorbing other sister art forms like Peking
Opera,PingjuandDagu. Her well-known repertoire isHua Mulan.

During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in the 1950s, Chang Xiangyu donated a plane at the cost of all her save, expressing her love and support for her motherland.

Hua Mulan

Hua Mulan, a figure of Chinese legend best known for the Disney feature film of the same name, disguised herself as a man in order to fulfill the conscription of her father. Her name has long been synonymous with the word "heroine".

Although history records have different versions of Hua Mulan's origin, the plot is the same. It is said that Hua Mulan's father received an order to serve in the army. He had fought before but, by this time, was old and infirm. Hua Mulan knew it was out of the question for her father to go and
her only brother was much too young. She decided to disguise herself as a man and take her father's place. The troops fought in many bloody campaigns for several years before they obtained permission to return home. Hua Mulan was summoned to the court by the emperor, who wished to appoint her to a
high position as a reward for her outstanding service. Hua Mulan declined his offer and accepted a fine horse instead. Only later, when her former comrades in arms went to visit her, did they learn that she was a woman.

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Monday, January 12, 2009

Learn Mandarin online - Regulations on the Administration of Printing Industry




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Library>Laws & Regulations>Regulations

Regulations on the Administration of Printing Industry

(No. 315 Order of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Regulations on the Administration of Printing Industry was adopted at the 43rd Executive Meeting of the State Council on July 26, 2001 and is hereby promulgated, and shall come into force on the date of promulgation.)

Premier Zhu Rongji
Aug.2, 2001

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1 These Regulations are formulated in order to strengthen the administration of printing industry, to protect the lawful rights and interests of the operators of printing industry and the public interests of the society, and to promote the socialist spiritual civilization and material
civilization.

Article 2 These Regulations apply to the operations of printing publications, presswork of package and decoration, and other presswork.

Publications referred to in these Regulations include newspapers, journals, books, maps, New Year pictures, pictures, wall calendars, atlases and the binding and layout, and cover of audio and video products and electrical publications, etc.

Presswork of package and decoration referred to in these Regulations include trademark, advertisement publicity material and the presswork of paper, metal, plastic, etc, which are used as product package or decoration.

Other presswork referred to in these Regulations include documents, data, charts, tickets, certificates, visiting cards, etc.

Operations of printing referred to in these Regulations include operational activities of typesetting, plate making, printing, binding, copying, photographic reproducing, mimeographing, etc.

Article 3 The operators of printing industry must abide by the relevant laws, regulations and rules, and stress the social benefits.

Publications, presswork of package and decoration and other presswork that contain reactionary, pornographic or superstitious contents and other contents publicly prohibited by the State orders shall be prohibited from printing.

Article 4 The administrative department of publishing of the State Council shall be in charge of the supervision and administration of the printing industry of the whole country. The administrative departments in charge of publishing administration of the people's governments at the county level
and above (hereinafter referred to as administrative departments of publishing) shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of the printing industry within their respective administrative areas.

The public security departments, administrative departments and other relevant departments of industry and commerce of the people's governments at the county level and above shall be responsible for the relevant supervision and administration of printing industry within their respective scope of
duties.

Article 5 The operators of printing industry shall establish and perfect the system of printing undertaking validation, the system of printing undertaking registration, the system of printed matter keeping, the system of printed matter delivery, and the system of destroying the shopworn and
defective products produced in printing activities. The specific measures shall be formulated by the administrative department of publishing of the State Council jointly with the public security department of the State Council.

If the operators find illegal and criminal acts in the printing operations, they shall report timely to the public security departments or the administrative departments of publishing.

Article 6 The social organizations of printing industry shall, under the guidance of the administrative departments of publishing, adopt self administration according to their articles of association.

Chapter II Establishment of Printing Enterprises

Chapter 7 The State adopts the license system for printing operations. No unit or individual may undertake printing operations without obtaining the license for printing operations according to these Regulations.

Article 8 The following conditions are required to be met when establishing a printing enterprise:
1) having the name and articles of association of the enterprise;
2) having definite business scope;
3) having the operating place and necessary operating conditions such as fund and equipment, etc, that meet the needs of the business scope;
4) having the organizational framework and personnel that meet the needs of the business scope; and
5) other conditions provided by the relevant laws and regulations.
When examining and approving the establishment of a printing enterprise, the planning of the State on the total number, structure and layout of printing enterprises shall be observed in addition to the provisions prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

Article 9 To establish an enterprise engaged in the operations of printing publications, presswork of package and decoration, and other presswork, the applicant shall apply to the administrative department of publishing of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality
directly under the Central Government where the enterprise is located; and among which, to establish an enterprise that especially engaged in visiting card printing, the applicant shall apply to the administrative department of the people's government at the county level where the enterprise is
located. The applicant that is approved after examination may obtain the license for printing operations; and shall, according to the relevant provisions of the State and with the license for printing operations, apply to the public security department, and after being approved and obtaining the
license for special industry, the applicant shall, with the license for printing operations and the license for special industry, apply for registration to the administrative department of industry and commerce, and draw the business license.

No individual may undertake the operations of printing publications, and presswork of package and decorations; where individuals undertake the operations of printing other presswork, they shall go through the procedures for examination and approval according to the provisions of the preceding
paragraph.

Article 10 The administrative department that accepts the application for establishing an enterprise engaged in printing operations shall make the decision to approve or not within 60 days since the date of receiving the application. If the establishment application is approved, the license for
printing operations shall be issued; if the establishment application is not approved, the applicant shall be notified and the reasons shall be explained to him.

The license for printing operations shall indicate the types of the printing operations that the printing enterprise is engaged in.

The license for printing operations shall not be sold, rent, lent or transferred through other means.

Article 11 If an operator of printing industry applies to operate concurrently or to change the printing operations of publications, presswork of package or decoration or other presswork, or to annex other operators of the printing industry to itself/himself, or to establish new operators of
printing industry because of merger or division, he shall go through the procedures according to the provisions of Article 9 of these Regulations.

If the operator of printing industry changes the main registration items such as the name, legal representative or principal, domicile or operating place, etc, or terminates the printing operations, he shall change or write off the registration with the public security department and
administrative department of industry and commerce that handled the registration, and shall report to the administrative department that approved the establishment for record.

Article 12 The State allows the establishment of Chinese and foreign equity joint printing enterprises, Chinese and foreign cooperative joint printing enterprises, and allows the establishment of foreign-funded enterprises engaged in the operations of printing presswork of package and decoration.
The specific measures shall be formulated by the administrative department of publishing of the State Council jointly with the department in charge of foreign trade and economy of the State Council.

Article 13 If a unit wishes to establish printing factories (institutes) of its own, it must go through the procedures for registration with the administrative department of publishing of the people's government at the county level or above, and shall report to the public security department for
record according to the relevant provisions of the State; if such a printing factory (institute) involves the printing of State secrets, the unit shall also go through the procedures for registration with the secrecy departments.

Printing factories (institutes) established inside the units may undertake printing operations; those that wish to undertake printing operations must go through the procedures according to the provisions of this chapter.

Chapter III Printing of Publications

Article 14 The State encourages the enterprises engaged in operations of printing publications to print the publications that reveal the new excellent cultural achievements of China and foreign countries, and lays stress on the printing of traditional cultural elaborate works and valuable academic
works.

Article 15 The enterprises engaged in the operations of publication printing may not print the publications that are prohibited publicly by the State orders from publishing or the publications published by non-publishing units.

Article 16 To print publications, the unit that entrusts the printing shall sign the printing contract with the printing enterprise according to the relevant provisions of the State.

Article 17 When accepting the entrustment of the publishing unit to print books and journals, a printing enterprise must validate, receive and keep the printing trust deed sealed by the publishing unit, and shall, before printing, report to the administrative department of publishing of the
people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government where the publishing unit is located; if the printing enterprise accepts the entrustment of the publishing unit that is not located in the province, autonomous region, municipality directly
under the Central Government where the printing enterprise is located to print books and journals, the printing trust deed shall be reported to the administrative department of publishing of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central
Government where the printing enterprise is located for record in advance. The format of the printing trust deed shall be prescribed by the administrative department of publishing of the State Council uniformly, and shall be uniformly printed by the administrative departments of publishing of the
people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

When accepting the entrustment of the publishing unit to print newspapers, a printing enterprise must validate the license for newspaper publishing; when accepting the entrustment of the publishing unit to print additional editions, supplements of newspapers and journals, the printing enterprise
must also validate the documents of administrative departments of publishing in charge that approve the publishing of the additional editions and supplements.

Article 18 When accepting the entrustment to print publications of internal data, the printing enterprise must validate the printing permission issued by the administrative department of publishing of the local people's government at the county level or above.

When accepting the entrustment to print publications of internal data containing religious contents, the printing enterprise must validate the approving documents of the administrative department in charge of religious affairs of the people's government of the province, autonomous region and
municipality directly under the Central Government and the printing permission issued by the administrative department of publishing of the people's government of the province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government.

The administrative department of publishing shall make the decision to issue the printing permission or not within 30 days since the date of receiving the application for printing the publications of internal data or printing the publications of internal data containing religious contents, and
shall notify the applicant of the decision; if no decision is made after the time limit, it is regarded that the approval has been granted.

Article 19 When accepting entrustment to print foreign publications, a printing enterprise must, by presenting the relevant legal proving documents of copyright, obtain the approval of the administrative department of publishing of people's government of the province, autonomous region or
municipality directly under the Central Government; the foreign publications printed must be transported outside China and may not be issued or distributed within the borders.

Article 20 A unit that entrusts the printing must print the name, address of the publishing unit, the book number, issue number or edition number, publishing date or issuing date, the real name and address of the enterprise that accepts the entrustment to print the publications, and other relevant
items on the publications printed in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State.

The printing enterprise shall keep a sample of the publication printed according to the entrustment for checking-up for 2 years since the date of completing the printing of the publication.

Article 21 A printing enterprise may not illegally print publications of others without permission, may not sell, print more or accept the entrustment of a third party to print more of the publications printed according to the entrustment without authorization, may not sell, rent, lend or transfer
by other means the paper types and printing negatives of the publication to other units or individuals.

Article 22 A printing enterprise may not seek subscription for or sell the publications, and may not counterfeit or usurp other's name to print or sell the publications.

Chapter IV Printing of Presswork of Package and Decoration

Article 23 An enterprise engaged in the printing of presswork of package and decoration may not print counterfeited, falsely registered trademark signs, and may not print the advertisement publicity material and presswork used as product package and decoration that are prone to misleading the
consumers.

Article 24 When accepting entrustment to print registered trademark signs, a printing enterprise shall validate the copy of the Trademark Registration Certificate signed by the administrative department of industry and commerce at the county level of the place where the person who registered
trademark lives, and shall check the registered trademark pattern provided by the trustor; when accepting the entrustment of the person who is licensed to use the registered trademark to print registered trademark signs, the printing enterprise shall also validate the licensing contract of the use
of registered trademark. The printing enterprise shall keep the copy of the Trademark Registration Certificate signed by the administrative department of industry and commerce, the registered trademark pattern, and the copy of the licensing contract of the use of registered trademark it has
validated and checked for 2 years for checking-up.

If the State has other provisions on the printing of registered trademark signs, the printing enterprise shall also abide by those provisions.

Article 25 When accepting entrustment to print advertisement publicity material, and presswork used as product package and decoration, a printing enterprise shall validate the business license of the unit or the resident identity cards of the individuals that entrusted the printing; when accepting
the entrustment of advertisement operators to print advertisement publicity material, the printing enterprise shall also validate the qualification certificates of advertisement operations.

Article 26 When accepting entrustment to print presswork of package and decoration, a printing enterprise shall hand over all of the finished products, half-finished products and wasters of the presswork, and the printing negatives, paper types, photographic plates, manuscripts, etc, to the unit
or individual that entrusted the printing, and may not keep those things without authorization.

Article 27 When accepting entrustment to print foreign presswork of package and decoration, a printing enterprise must report to the administrative department of publishing of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government of the
place where the enterprise is located for record in advance; and the presswork of package and decoration must be transported outside China and may not be sold within the borders.

Chapter V Printing of Other Presswork

Article 28 The printing of documents, material, charts, etc, that are marked with secrecy shall be handled according to the relevant laws, regulations and rules of the State.

Article 29 To print notices, announcements, employee's cards for important activities, traffic permits, or tickets circulated in the society, the unit that entrusts the printing must present the certificate of the department in charge, and shall go through the procedures for printing permission
with the public security department of the place where the printing enterprise is located, and shall print at the printing enterprise designated by the public security department. The printing enterprise designated by the public security department must validate the certificate of the department
in charge and the certificate of printing permission of the public security department, and shall keep the copy of the certificate of the department in charge and the copy of the certificate of printing permission of the pubic security department for 2 years for checking-up; and may not entrust
others to print the presswork mentioned above.

To print the value instruments or unvalued instruments used inside the organs, organizations, armies, enterprises or institutions, or the special certificates such as the letters of introduction, employee's cards, member's cards, passes, degree certificates, academic background certificates or
other academic certificates, etc, that bear the unit names, the unit that entrusts the printing must provide the certificate of printing entrustment. And the printing enterprise must validate the certificate of printing entrustment.

The printing enterprise may not keep the samples, specimen pages of the printed letters prescribed in the preceding two paragraphs; if the samples, specimen pages do need to be kept because of business reference needs, the approval of the unit that entrusted the printing shall be obtained, and the
countermark of "sample", "sample page" shall be sealed on the printed letters kept which shall be preserved in good conditions and may not be lost.

Article 30 When accepting entrustment to print articles for religious use, a printing enterprise must validate the approving documents of the administrative department in charge of religious affairs of the people' s government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the
Central Government and the certificate of printing permission issued by the administrative department of publishing of the people' s government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government; the administrative departments of publishing of the people' s
government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government shall make the decision on whether to issue the certificate of printing permission or not within 10 days since the date of receiving the application for printing articles for religious use, and shall
notify the applicant of the decision; if no decision is made after the time limit, it is regarded that the approval is granted.

Article 31 Individuals engaged in the operations of printing other presswork may not print the documents, material, charts, etc that are marked with secrecy, may not print notices, announcements, employee's cards for important activities, traffic permits, or tickets circulated in the society, may
not print the valued or unvalued instruments used inside the organs, organizations, armies, enterprises or institutions, may not print the special certificates such as letters of introduction, employee's cards, member's cards, passes, degree certificates, academic background certificates, or other
academic certificates, and may not print articles for religious use.

Article 32 Those accepting entrustment to print other foreign presswork must report to the administrative departments of publishing of the people' s government of the province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government of their locations for record; and those presswork
must be transported outside China and may not be sold within the borders.

Article 33 No printing enterprise or individual engaged in the operations of printing other presswork may illegally print the other presswork of others without permission, neither may they sell, print more or accept the entrustment of a third party to print more of the other presswork printed
according to entrustment without authorization, or sell, rent, lend or transfer the paper types and printing negatives of the other presswork printed according to entrustment to other unit or individual.

Chapter VI Punishment Rules

Article 34 Those, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, establishing printing enterprises without authorization or undertaking the printing operations without authorization shall be banned by the public security departments and the administrative departments of industry and commerce
according to the legal authority of the departments, and the presswork and illegal earnings, and the special tools, equipment by which the illegal acts were conducted shall be confiscated, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the earnings from illegal operations shall also be
imposed on them if the earnings from illegal operations are 10,000 Yuan or more; a fine of more than 10, 000 Yuan and less than 50,000 Yuan shall also be imposed on them if the earnings from illegal operations are less than 10,000 Yuan; and the criminal responsibilities shall be investigated into
if a crime is constituted.

The printing factories (institutes) established inside the units without going through the procedures according to the provisions of Chapter 2 of these Regulations shall be punished according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if they undertake printing operations.

Article 35 If an operator of the printing industry, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, has committed any of the following acts, the administrative department of publishing of the local people's government shall order him to stop the illegal act, order him to stop business for
internal rectification, confiscate the presswork and illegal earnings, and shall impose a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the illegal earnings on him if the illegal earnings are 10, 000 Yuan or more; a fine of more than 10,000 Yuan and less than 50,000 Yuan shall be imposed on
him if the illegal earnings are less than 10, 000 Yuan; the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license if the circumstances are serious; and criminal responsibilities shall be investigated into according to law if a crime is constituted.

1) Without obtaining the permission of the administrative department of publishing, operating concurrently or changing the printing operations of publications, presswork of package and decoration or other presswork without authorization, or annexing other operators of the printing industry to
itself/himself without authorization;
2) Having not gone through the procedures according to the provisions of these Provisions when establishing new operators of the printing industry because of merger or division; or
3) Selling, renting, lending or transferring the license for printing operations by other means.

Article 36 If an operator of the printing industry prints the publications, presswork of package and decoration, or other presswork that contain the contents prohibited by Article 3 of these Regulations, and this he is fully aware of or should have known, or prints the publications prohibited
publicly by State orders or the publications published by non-publishing units, the administrative department of publishing and the public security department of the local people's government at the county level or above shall order him to stop business for internal rectification, confiscate the
presswork and illegal earnings, and a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the earning from illegal operations shall be imposed on him if the earning from illegal operations are 10, 000 Yuan or more; if the earnings from illegal operations are less than 10, 000 Yuan, a fine of more
than 10, 000 Yuan and less than 50, 000 Yuan shall also be imposed on him; the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license if the circumstances are serious; and the criminal responsibilities shall be investigated into according to law if a crime is constituted.

Article 37 If an operator of the printing industry has committed any of the following acts, the administrative department of publishing and the public security department of the local people's government at the county level or above shall order him to make corrections and give him warnings
according to their legal authorities; if the circumstances are serious, they shall order him to stop business for internal rectification, or the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license:

1) Having not established the system of printing undertaking validation, the system of printing undertaking registration, the system of printed matter keeping, the system of printed matter delivery, and the system of destroying the shopworn or defective products produced in the printing activities;
2) Failing to timely report to the public security department or administrative department of publishing when finding illegal and criminal acts in the printing operations;
3) Having not reported to the administrative department that formerly approved the establishment when changing the main registration items such as the name, legal representative or principal, domicile or operating place, etc, or when terminating the printing operations; and
4) Having not kept the material for checking-up according to the provisions of these Regulations.

If a unit, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, establishes internal printing factories (institutes) without going through the procedures for registration with the administrative department of publishing or secrecy department of the local people's government at the county level or
above, and without reporting to the public security department for record according to the relevant provisions of the State, the administrative department of publishing, the secrecy department, the public security department of the local people's government at the county level or above shall order
it to make corrections and give it warnings according to their legal authorities; and shall order it to stop business for internal rectification if the circumstances are serious.

Article 38 If an enterprise engaged in the operations of printing publications has committed any of the following acts, the administrative department of publishing of the local people's government at the county level or above shall give it warnings and confiscate its illegal earnings, if the
earnings from illegal operations are 10,000 Yuan or more, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the earnings from illegal operations shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the earnings from illegal operations are less than 10,000 Yuan, a fine of more than 10,000 Yuan and less than
50,000 Yuan shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the circumstances are serious, the enterprise shall be ordered to stop business for internal rectifications, or the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license; if a crime is constituted, the criminal responsibilities shall be
investigated into:

1) when accepting the entrustment of other unit/ enterprise, having not validated the printing trust deed, the relevant certificates or printing permission certificate, or having not submitted the printing trust deed to the administrative department of publishing for record according to the
provisions of these Regulations;
2) counterfeiting or usurping the name of other unit/ enterprise to print publications;
3) illegally printing the publications of other unit/ enterprise without permission;
4) illegally printing more or selling the publications printed according to entrustment;
5) seeking subscription for or selling the publications;
6) selling, renting, lending or transferring through other means the paper type and printing plates of the publications printed according to the entrustment of the publishing units without authorization; and
7) accepting entrustment to print foreign publications without approval or having not transported all of the foreign publications printed outside China.

Article 39 If an enterprise engaged in the operations of printing presswork of package and decoration has committed any of the following acts, the administrative department of publishing of the local people's government at the county level or above shall give it warnings and shall confiscate its
illegal earnings, if the earnings from illegal operations are 10,000 Yuan or more, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the earnings from illegal operations shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the earnings from illegal operations are less than 10,000 Yuan, a fine of more than
10,000 Yuan and less than 50,000 Yuan shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the circumstances are serious, the enterprise shall be ordered to stop business for internal rectifications or the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license; if a crime is constituted, the criminal
responsibilities shall be investigated into:

1) when accepting the entrustment to print registered trademark signs, having not validated or checked the copy of the Trademark Registration Certificate signed by the administrative department of industry and commerce, the registered trademark patterns or the copy of the licensing contract of the
use of registered trademark;
2) when accepting the entrustment to print advertisement publicity material or the presswork used as product package and decoration, having not validated the business license of the unit or the resident identification card of the individual that entrusted the printing, or when accepting the
entrustment of advertisement operators, having not validated the qualification certificate for advertising operation according to the provisions of these Regulations;
3) illegally printing the presswork of package and decoration of other unit/enterprise without permission; or
4) when accepting the entrustment of printing foreign presswork of package and decoration, having not reported to the administrative department of publishing for record, or having not transported all of the foreign presswork of package and decoration outside China.

If the printing enterprise violates the provisions of the State on the administration of registered trademark or advertisement printing when accepting the entrustment to print registered trademark signs or advertisement publicity material, the administrative department of industry and commerce
shall give it warnings and confiscate the presswork and illegal earnings, if the earnings from illegal operations are 10,000 Yuan or more, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the earnings from illegal operations shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the earnings from illegal
operations are less than 10,000 Yuan, a fine of more than 10,000 Yuan and less than 50,000 Yuan shall be imposed on the enterprise.

Article 40 If an enterprise or individual engaged in the operations of printing other presswork has committed any of the following acts, the administrative department of publishing of the local people's government at the county level or above shall give warnings to it/him, confiscate the presswork
and the illegal earnings, if the earnings from illegal operations are 10,000 Yuan or more, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the earnings from illegal operations shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the earnings from illegal operations are less than 10,000 Yuan, a fine of
more than 10,000 Yuan and less than 50,000 Yuan shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the circumstances are serious, the enterprise shall be ordered to stop business for internal rectifications, or the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license; if a crime is constituted, the criminal
responsibilities shall be investigated into:

1) when accepting the entrustment to print other presswork, having not validated the relevant certificates according to the provisions of these Regulations;
2) entrusting the other presswork entrusted to it/him to others;
3) selling, renting, lending or transferring through other means the paper types and the print negatives of the other presswork entrusted to it/him for printing;
4) counterfeiting, altering the degree certificates, academic background certificates and other documents and certificates of State organs, or the documents and certificates of enterprises or institutions, or illegally printing the other presswork of others without permission;
5) illegally printing more or selling the other presswork entrusted to it/him for printing;
6) when accepting the entrustment to print foreign other presswork, having not reported to the administrative department of publishing for record, or having not transported all of the foreign other presswork outside China according to the provisions of these Regulations; or
7) the individual engaged in the operations of printing other presswork operating beyond his business scope.

Article 41 If one has committed any of the following acts, the public security department shall give it/him warnings and confiscate the presswork and illegal earnings, if the earnings from illegal operations are 10,000 Yuan or more, a fine of more than 5 times and less than 10 times of the
earnings from illegal operations shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the earnings from illegal operations are less than 10,000 Yuan, a fine of more than 10,000 Yuan and less than 50,000 Yuan shall be imposed on the enterprise; if the circumstances are serious, the enterprise shall be ordered to
stop business for internal rectifications, or the license for special industry shall be revoked:
1) when printing notices, announcements, employee's cards for important activities, traffic permits, and tickets circulated in the society, an printing enterprise having not validated the certificates of the department in charge and the printing permission certificate of the public security
department, or entrusting others to print the presswork mentioned above;
2) an enterprise that is not the printing enterprise designated by the public security department printing notices, announcements, employee's cards for important activities, traffic permissions, and tickets circulated in the society without authorization; or
3) an operator of the printing industry counterfeiting, altering degree certificates, academic background certificates, and other documents and certificates of the State organs, or the documents, and certificates of enterprises and institutions.

In case of the printing of notices, announcements, employee's cards for important activities, traffic permits, tickets circulated in the society, if the unit entrusting the printing hasn't obtained the certificate of the department in charge, or hasn't gone through the procedures for printing
permission with the public security department of the place where the printing enterprise is located according to the relevant provisions of the State, or hasn't printed at the printing enterprise designated by the public security department, the public security department of the people's
government at the county level or above shall impose a fine of more than 500 Yuan and less than 5,000 Yuan on it.

Article 42 If an operator of the printing industry, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, has committed any of the following acts, the administrative department of publishing of the local people's government at the county level or above shall order him to make corrections and give
him warnings; if the circumstances are serious, the department shall order the operator to stop business for internal rectification, or the former license-issuing organ shall revoke the license;
1) the enterprise engaged in the operations of printing presswork of package and decorations keeping the finished products, half-finished products, wasters of the presswork of package and decoration, or the printing plates, paper types, printing negatives, manuscripts, etc; or
2) the enterprise and individual engaged in the operations of printing other presswork keeping the samples, prospectus of the other presswork without authorization, or having not sealed the countermark of "sample", "prospectus" on the samples, prospectus kept.

Article 43 If an operator of the printing industry is given administrative punishment of revoking the license, he shall change or write off the registration with the department of industry and commerce according to the relevant provisions of the State; if the registration is not changed or written
off after the time limit, the administrative department of industry and commerce shall revoke his business license.

Article 44 If a printing enterprise is given the administrative punishment of revoking the license, its legal representative or principal may not be the legal representative or principal of printing enterprise within 10 years since the day on which the license is revoked.

If the individual engaged in operations of printing other presswork is given the administrative punishment of revoking the license, he may not undertake the printing operations within 10 years since the day on which the license is revoked.

Article 45 The administrative punishment of fine imposed according to the provisions of these Regulations shall adopt the division of fine decision and fine collection according to the provisions of relevant laws and regulations; and all of the fine collected must be rendered to the treasury.

Article 46 If the administrative department, public security department, administrative department of industry and commerce or other relevant department, in violation of the provisions of these Regulations, approves the printing enterprises that don't meet the conditions for establishment without
authorization, or fails to perform the duties of supervision, or hasn't investigated into and punished the illegal acts that have been found, and thus has caused serious consequences, the personnel in charge held responsible and other personnel directly responsible shall be given administrative
punishment of demotion or dismissal; if a crime is constituted, the criminal responsibilities shall be investigated into according to law.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 47 The printing enterprises that were established according to law before these Regulations come into force shall draw another License for Printing Operations at the administrative departments of publishing within 180 days since the day on which these Regulations come into force.

No other charges shall be collected for the granting of license according to these Regulations, except the costs by the legal standard.

Article 48 These Regulations shall come into force on the date of promulgation. The Regulations on the Administration of Printing Industry promulgated by the State Council on March 8, 1997 shall be abolished at the same time.

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Sunday, January 11, 2009

Chinese Online Class - Emeini Danxing Mulan




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Library>China ABC>Fauna Flora>Introduction and Regulations>Class I Plants>Angiosperm

Emeini Danxing Mulan

Emeini Danxing Mulanbelongs to the Magnoliaceae Family, with the Latin name ofParakmeria omeiensis. In China it's mainly distributed in regions of Emei Mountain in Sichuan Province in the western area.

Emeini Danxing Mulanis a sort of large arbor, which can attain the height of up to about 20 meters. It usually grows in broad-leaved evergreen forests 1,000-1,200 meters above sea level. The bark is dark grey and the twigs are smooth. The leaves are slender oval or obovarate and made of keratin.
Male flowers and hermaphrodite flowers grow on different individuals. The milky yellow male flower bears 12 tepals, with thin elliptic outer rings and obovoid or spoon-shaped inner rings. The hermaphrodite flower bears 8 to 12 pistils. The key distinction betweenEmeini Danxing MulanandYunnanni
Danxing Mulian isthat the tepal of the leaf cycles of the former is milky yellow.

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Saturday, January 10, 2009

Chinese Online Class - Jiangsu Su Embroidery




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Library>China ABC>Geography>Local Products

Jiangsu Su Embroidery

Su embroidery is one of the four famous Chinese embroideries, and is mainly produced in Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province in east China. Su is the shortened form of Suzhou, a city of with moderate climate, which has a prosperous industry of sericiculture and hence highly-developed technics of
embroidery.

Su embroidery has a history of about 2,000 years, originating in the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280). According to historical records, Su embroidery became so popular during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) that people even named lanes with names associated with silk and its embroidery. Nearly every
family raised silkworms and embroidered. Su embroidery reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), and Suzhou was named the Embroidery City at that time. In 1957, the Embroidery Research Institute was established in Suzhou.

Su embroidery is known for its delicacy and elegance. It has a wide range of themes. Its techniques include both single faced embroidery and unique double-faced embroidery that looks the same from either side. Double-sided embroidery has the same pattern on both sides and uses the same
embroidering method that does not show the joins in the stitches. Basic features of Su embroidery are simple composition, clear theme, vivid image, and gentle color. In recent times, Su embroidery design has absorbed some western painting techniques.

The design is usually very simple, high lighting a main theme. Its stitching is smooth, dense, thin, neat, even, delicate and harmonious, etc. The thin thread is divided into up to 48 strands that are barely visible to the naked eye. In terms of categories, Su embroidery has stage costumes,
embroidery fabrics and hanging screens, etc. Su embroidery products were sent to participate in the Panama World Fair in 1915. Since then, the style has become increasingly famous throughout the world.

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Friday, January 9, 2009

Chinese Speaking - Saltwater Lakes




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Library>China ABC>Geography>Rivers & Lakes

Saltwater Lakes

the Qinghai Lake
Saltwater lakes, mainly distributed in the western area in China, refer to the lakes with high amount of salt in water. Saltwater lakes take up 55% of the total area of Chinese lakes, of which the most famous is the Qinghai Lake.

This huge expanse of deep, salty lake receives its name, literally Blue Sea, from the vastness of its azure waters. Lying in the northeast of Qinghai Province, the Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saltwater lake in China, stretching approximately 105 kilometers, with a width of about 63
kilometers and an utmost depth of 38 meters. It is more than 360 kilometers in circumference and 450 square kilometers larger than the Poyang Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, the largest freshwater lake in China. Located 3,196 meters above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it covers
4,635 square kilometers.

There are more than 40 rivers flowing into the lake. According to statistics, compared with its original scale, the water level of the Qinghai Lake dropped by 80-100 meters, and its area dwindled to one third in recent years. The descent in the water level has been mainly caused by many years of
dry weather and greater evaporation rather than man-made damage.

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Thursday, January 8, 2009

Chinese Mandarin - Taiwan Suihuashan




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Library>China ABC>Fauna Flora>Introduction and Regulations>Class I Plants>Gymnosperm

Taiwan Suihuashan

Taiwan Suihuashan belongs to the Taxaceae Family, with the Latin name ofAmentotaxus formosana. It is only distributed inTaiwanProvincein the southeast ofChina.

It is a sort of small evergreen arbor, about 7 to 10 meters high. It mainly grows in forests on mountainous areas 850 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The distinction betweenAmentotaxus formosanaand Amentotaxus argotaenia is that the white stomatic band is 2 to 3 times wider than thegreen
sideband.The seeds are obovate, and the leaves are sickle-shaped. The panicle length of male cone is less than 5 centimeters.

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Wednesday, January 7, 2009

Learning Mandarin - Snow Leopard




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Library>China ABC>Fauna Flora>Introduction and Regulations>Class I Animals>Mammalia

Snow Leopard

With the aliases of Grass Leopard and Argyi-Leaf Leopard, it belongs to the Felidae family of Carnivora order. Its scientific Latin name is Panthera uncia, and English name is Snow Leopard.

It is 110 to 130 centimeters in body length, 80 to 90 centimeters in tail length, and 38 to 75 kilograms in weight. Its head is small and round. It has long and dense hair coat all over, grayish yellow or hoar, with the body hair about 3 centimeters in length, and belly hair up to 6.5 centimeters.
It has blurry or irregular large black ring spots on the back and chest sides. Its long tail has long and tousy hair. It is the most beautiful sort of leopards.

Snow Leopardinhabits at an elevation of 2,000 to 6,000 meters, regularly moving about the bare rocks of high mountains. It is ferocious, astute, and dexterous in action, mainly feeding on rock-sheep, argali, as well as klipdas, marmots and puppies of the pheasant genus, etc. Its estrum is from
late winter to early spring, while the gestation period lasts 90 to 103 days. It litters between June and July, with 2 to 3 babies per fetus. At the age of two, it grows to sexual maturity. It has a lifespan of about 10 years in general, with the longest up to 15.8 years.

In China, it is distributed in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, etc. It is small in quantity and has been listed in Appendix I ofInternational Trade Convention on Endangered Wild Animal and Plant Species.

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Tuesday, January 6, 2009

HSK Exam - Yellow-bellied Tragopan




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Library>China ABC>Fauna Flora>Introduction and Regulations>Class I Animals>Aves

Yellow-bellied Tragopan

It belongs to the Phasianidae family of Galliformes order, with the scientific name of Tragopan caboti (Latin), or Yellow-bellied Tragopan (English).

Its full-length is 46 to 61 centimeters. The male's upper body is mostly chestnut brown, with light yellow round spots of black brim, and the lower body is also light yellow. Its head is black with black and castaneous red crista. The rectrices are black and tan, densely covered with irregular
yellow spots and wide black end strips. The ala tectices' color is like the back feather. Its remiges are brown, mixed with yellow spots. The naked skin on the check is vermeil and that on the larynx is turquoise blue and vermeil. Body feathers of the female are taupe, densely covered with black,
tan stripes and white arrow-shaped lines.

It inhabits in broad-leaved evergreen forests and mixed forests as well as other virgin forests in subtropical zones, feeding on arbors, frutexs, bamboos, herbaceous plants and ferny burgeons, young leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, as well as a few animals. It is fond of moving alone but forming
small groups in winter. It builds the nests on trees and lays 3 to 6 eggs per nest with an incubation period of 28 days.

Yellow-bellied Tragopan is a kind of resident bird, distributed inZhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China. It has a small quantity of about 4,000 in total, with a few living in the wild. It has been listed in Appendix I ofInternational
Trade Convention on Endangered Wild Animal and Plant Species.

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Monday, January 5, 2009

Learning Chinese - Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008




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|Home|News Center|Cultural Olympics|City of Beijing|Sports Tradition|China Impression|

Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008

( 2008-07-10 )

The emblem, which was created using a calligraphic art form, is composed of human and tree-like shapes. The emblem consists of the crown of a tree and the shape of a human being, which are used to create the form of a large tree reaching the sky. The image represents harmony and unity between
human beings and nature. Just like swinging colored strips that encircle and cross each other, the green lines form a luxuriant crown of a tree and recall flowers in full bloom, embodying the sustainable development of nature.

  Emblems More

* Dancing Beijing -- Beijing 2008 Olympic Emblem

============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

* Beijing Paralympics Emblem ( 07-10 )
* Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008 ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing 2008 OYC ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival ( 07-10 )

News More

* Illustrated Olympic giant panda story comes out
* Ten recommended Beijing shopping streets
* Let the fashion parade begin
* Chinese soprano holds solo concert in Greece
* Int'l sand sculpture festival in Italy highlights Beijing Olympics

Meet in Beijing More

* Dance Along the River during the Qingming Festival
* Concert by Macao Chinese Orchestra
* Kataklo Athletic Dance Theatre
* UK Contemporary Exhibition
* The Russia Star Ballet

Olympic on Beijing's Axis

  Online Tour

============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

| About us | E-mail | Contact |

Constructed by .cn
Copyright 2003 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved

Learn Chinese online, Learning Materials, Mandarin audio lessons, Chinese writing lessons, Chinese vocabulary lists, About chinese characters, News in Chinese, Go to China, Travel to China, Study in China, Teach in China, Dictionaries, Learn Chinese Painting, Your name in Chinese, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese songs, Chinese proverbs, Chinese poetry, Chinese tattoo, Beijing 2008 Olympics, Mandarin Phrasebook, Chinese editor, Pinyin editor, China Travel, Travel to Beijing, Travel to Tibet

Sunday, January 4, 2009

Chinese School - Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China




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Library>Institutions>Supervisory

Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

Website: www.moe.edu.cn

Address: No 37 Damucang Bystreet, Xidan, Beijing

Postal Code: 100816

Tel: 86-10-66096114

Responsibilities:

1. Researching and drawing up policies on education; drafting education laws and regulations.

2. Researching and proposing schedules on national educational reform and development; drawing up education reform policies, as well as focal points, the frame and speed of educational development; instructing and coordinating the application of policies.

3.Managing ministry outlays. Drawing up policies and regulations on collecting educational outlays, educational allocations and educational investigations; supervising the collection and use of national education outlays; managing educational aids and loans from foreign countries.

4. Researching and drawing up the standard for establishing primary schools and high schools, as well as basic teaching requirements and teaching documents; examining and approving educational materials for primary and high schools; instructing reforms in primary schools and high schools;
supervising, instructing and evaluating work for the nine-year compulsory education and eliminating youth illiteracy.

5.Managing university education, graduate education, higher vocational education, continuing education, social higher education, adult self-study examination education, and so on. Researching and drawing up the standards for establishing higher schools; examining and approving their settings,
renaming, dismantling and adjusting; determining contents for subjects and basic teaching documents; instructing the evaluation of higher school reform and teaching; managing the application and coordination of the 211 Project.

6. Managing and instructing minority education and coordinating educational aids for ethnic areas.

7. Planning and instructing party-building work, ideological and political work, moral character education, physical and sanitation education, art education and national defense education.

8. Taking charge of teachers' work; setting up standards for teachers and overseeing the application of those standards; researching and drawing up standards for the size of schools.

9. Managing entrance examinations for higher schools; drawing up the enrolment schedule; administrating student records; managing the reform of the graduate-employment system; drawing up graduate-employment policies; organizing job placement for graduates.

10.Planning and instructing science, philosophy and social research at higher schools; instructing the dissemination of high and new technologies; coordinating and instructing important science research projects and national defense projects of the country being undertaken by higher schools.
Instructing the construction and development of national key laboratories and research centers at high schools.

11.Managing, coordinating and instructing foreign affairs concerning education. Drawing up policies of student exchange. Planning, coordinating and instructing the Chinese language to foreign students; instructing Chinese education organizations abroad. Coordinating the communication of education
with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

12.Responsibility for statistics, analyzing and issuing basic education information.

13. Drawing up national policies on language and a long-term plan; setting standards for Chinese characters and minority characters; supervising, coordinating and examining the implementation of such projects; instructing the dissemination of Mandarin.

14. Planning the administration of degrees and drafting laws and regulations for degrees; responsibility for the implementation of the national degree system; responsibility for the authentication of degrees; specific work under the instruction of the Degree Committee of the State Department.

15. Coordinating works for every branch of the National Committee of UNESCO, as well as the cooperation and communication among other organizations with UNESCO; instructing the work of the Chinese Standing Delegation of UNESCO.

16. Doing specific work under the instruction of the National Science, Technology and Education Leading Group.

17. Doing specific work under the instruction of the State Department.

Establishment:

General Office, Policy Research and Law Construction Department, Personnel Department, Development and Planning Department, Finance Department, Elementary Education Department, Vocational Education and Adult Education Department, Higher School Education Department, Minority Education Department,
Teacher Education Department, Education Supervision Office, Social Science Research, Ideological and Political Work Department, University Student Department, Science and Technology Department, Physical, Sanitation and Art Education Department, Language and Character Administration Department,
International Cooperation and Communication Department, Degree Committee of the State Department, Secretariat of the National Committee of UNESCO.

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Saturday, January 3, 2009

Chinese Pinyin - Beijing Media Hub 'Best Equipped Ever'







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|Home|News Center|Cultural Olympics|City of Beijing|Sports Tradition|China Impression|








Beijing Media Hub 'Best Equipped Ever'

( 2008-07-09 )



Richard Palfreyman, press chief of the 2000 Sydney Games, media advisor to the 2004 Athens Games and MPC manager of the 2006 Turin Winter Games, the Main Press Center (MPC) where accredited journalists work during the Games, is familiar territory.

Palfreyman said he believes, however, that the Beijing MPC takes the cake.



A man makes a phone call at the Olympic press center on its opening day in Beijing July 8, 2008.

"I think this is the best MPC I've seen. It's certainly the biggest and best planned," Palfreyman, who works closely with the International Olympic Committee, said. "It's probably the best-ever laid-out MPC, and I think Beijing has just cause to be proud of it."

The Beijing Olympic MPC officially opened Tuesday to accredited media. It will, together with the International Broadcast Center (IBC), provide 14-hour services and facilities, news and information until July 25, when it will begin 24-hour operations.

The 62,000 sq m MPC provides the biggest working space in Olympic history. It is located in the central Olympic area in the northern part of the capital, close to main Olympic venues - the Bird's Nest and Water Cube. It is only a 10-minute bus ride away from the Olympic Village.

Australian Palfreyman's glowing evaluation extends beyond the brand-new MPC's convenient location to its high Internet technologies and talented personnel.

As promised by Beijing Games organizers BOCOG, in view of rapid developments in net communication technology the MPC will be installed with unprecedentedly extensive services and high technologies.

The center's equipment includes - for the first time - a plug-and-play IC card on each desk for broadband Internet access; wireless Internet is also available.



1 2





  Emblems More









* Dancing Beijing -- Beijing 2008 Olympic Emblem



============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================


* Beijing Paralympics Emblem ( 07-10 )
* Environmental Emblem of Beijing 2008 ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Torch Relay ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing 2008 OYC ( 07-10 )
* Emblem of the Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival ( 07-10 )








News More






* Illustrated Olympic giant panda story comes out
* Ten recommended Beijing shopping streets
* Let the fashion parade begin
* Chinese soprano holds solo concert in Greece
* Int'l sand sculpture festival in Italy highlights Beijing Olympics








Meet in Beijing More






* Dance Along the River during the Qingming Festival
* Concert by Macao Chinese Orchestra
* Kataklo Athletic Dance Theatre
* UK Contemporary Exhibition
* The Russia Star Ballet








Olympic on Beijing's Axis















  Online Tour


















============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================


| About us | E-mail | Contact |


Constructed by .cn
Copyright 2003 Ministry of Culture, P.R.China. All rights reserved



Learning Materials, Mandarin audio lessons, Chinese writing lessons, Chinese vocabulary lists, About chinese characters, News in Chinese, Go to China, Travel to China, Study in China, Teach in China, Dictionaries, Learn Chinese Painting, Your name in Chinese, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese songs, Chinese proverbs, Chinese poetry, Chinese tattoo, Beijing 2008 Olympics, Mandarin Phrasebook, Chinese editor, Pinyin editor, China Travel, Travel to Beijing, Travel to Tibet

Friday, January 2, 2009

Learn Mandarin online - Gansu Province














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Library>China ABC>Geography>Introduction







Gansu Province




Geography



Situated 92"10"-108"43" east longitude and 32"36"-42"47" north latitude, Gansu Province in the upper Yellow River valley in northwest China was named after the first character of the names of its two ancient cities, Ganzhou (modern Zhangyi) and Suzhou (modern Jiuquan). Long and narrow in shape, it
has an area of more than 450,000 square kilometers. It neighbors Shaanxi in the east, Sichuan in the south, Qinghai and Xinjiang in the west, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia in the north, with a diversified topography, where the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolian Plateau
meet. Most of its middle and east parts are of special loess topography, the Hexi Corridor in northwestern Gansu is of green land and the Gobi Desert intermittently spread. The Hexi Corridor occupies the fortress of the ancient Silk Road.

Climate

Gansu has a temperate monsoonal climate with the marked transitional characteristics of a continental climate. It has a mean annual temperature of 9oC -- the hottest month, July, averaging 20-24oC and the coldest month, January, -12-2oC -- and a mean annual precipitation of 50-500 mm, decreasing
from east to west.

Administrative Division and Population

It is divided into 6 prefecture-level cities, 6 districts, 2 autonomous prefectures, 9 county-level cities, 60 counties and 7 autonomous counties, with a population of 25.62 million by 2000, mainly including ethnic groups of Han, Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Mongolian, Tu, Yugur and Baoan.

Food

The best dishes of Gansu Cuisine include Lanzhou Lamian (Lanzhou Beef Noodles), Roasted Chicken in Jingning, Dunhuang Saozi Noodles, and West Long Preserved Ham, etc.

Culture

Hua'er (flower), Long Opera, Qinqiang, Shadow Play, Lanzhou Drum, etc

Brief Introduction

Gansu Province is also called Long or Gan for short. It is the cradle of Chinese culture. According to archeological findings, the Yangshao Culture emerged in this area about 6,000 years ago. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-8AD), the Silk Road linking the Central
Plains with the Western Regions was built.

This ancient trade route starts in the old capitals of Luoyang and Xi'an, reaches the Yellow River at Lanzhou, follows along the Hexi Corridor and stretches along the edge of deserts and mountains. Before the discovery of the sea route to India, the Silk Road was the most important connection
between the Orient and the West, via which China's ancient four inventions, pottery, iron wares were exported to the West, and astronomy, mathematics, religions and gems were introduced into China. Gansu was officially established during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).

So far as the industries are concerned, there are equipment manufacture for petroleum, chemical industry, non-ferrous metals and petrochemical industry, all of which have occupied the important position in the whole country. The agricultural products mainly include wheat, cotton, flax and sugar
beet, among which flax occupies an important position in the country.

The traditional specialties of fame are carved jade wine cup, carpets modeled after ancient ones, three-red apples, angelica, almond, benne, Bailan melon and lily, etc. Some of the rare animals found in Gansu include giant panda, golden monkey, red deer, snow rooster and wild donkey.

Rich cultural relics are the most important tourist resources in Gansu Province. The famous Silk Road is the link in ancient time between China and western countries. Oases, ancient towns, passes, part of the Great Wall, temples and grottos attract thousands of visitors home and abroad every year.
Places of historic and cultural interest include the Dunhang Grottos and the Jiayu Pass (an important outpost in ancient China and at the western end of the Great Wall), etc.

Gansu is renowned as home of grotto art. The Dunhuang Mogao Grottos, also known as the "Thousand Buddha Grottoes", is located at the rock side of the Singing Sand Mountain in Dunhuang City of Gansu Province. It is the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art museum and also a post along the ancient
Silk Road. According to historical records, the Mogao Grottos were carved in 366. There are 492 grottos in existence with some 45,000 square meters of murals, and 415 painted clay figures. It's worthy of the name of Art Treasure House of China.











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